Elephantine - Upper Egypt Cult Center of the Egyptian Gods
Khnum and Hapy
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Egyptian Gods and Their Cult Centers Lower Egypt Middle Egypt
Egyptian
Aten
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Khnum
Khnum was an ancient diety shown as a man with a ram head. The horns of the ram show the ancient ancestory, as they are of the earliest goats to be domesticated.
His main cult center was Elephantine, at the first cateract. There he formed a triad with his consort Satis (Satet) and their daughter Anukis (Anuket), Goddess of the first cataract.
Khnum is the creator god of the Elephantine Creation Myth. He formed all of the world on his potters wheel.
Throughout Egyptian History Khnum continued to form each human, along with his "ka" or spirit double.
He was the patron diety of potters, and his association with the fertile soil and clay made him associated with the innundation. He also had a cult center at Esna, where a yearly Festival of the Potters was held.
Hapy
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| The yearly innundation of the Nile was essential to the Egyptians. Hapy the God of the Nile was worshipped universally, but especially at the First Cataract, Elephantine. At Elephantine, the first evidence of the Nile flood could be seen. Hapy was personification of the Nile. He lived in a cave near the Nile cataracts above Elephantine. He controlled the yearly innundation that flooded the land with rich soil and nutrients. The flood of the Nile filled up the green band of cultivation like a basin of water. If too much water flowed the villages that were built on the normal edge of the cultivation, of flood level, would be flooded and the planting of the crops would be delayed, and thus the harvest would be smaller. |
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If there was too little water, the river basin would not fill to normal levels and many fields would not receive the life giving nutrients and the size of the harvest would be diminished. Hapy's cult centers were both in Upper Egypt at Gebel el Silsila and Elephantine. His priests were involved in rituals to ensure the steady levels of flow required from the annual flood. At Elephantine the official nileometer, a measuring device, was carefully monitored to predict the level of the flood, and his priests must have been intimately concerned with its monitoring. He is depicted as a man with rolls of fat and pendulous breasts, wearing a crown of reeds and lotus blooms. |
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